Understanding Fertility Tests
The first step in any fertility journey is understanding where you stand. Learn about the tests available for both women and men, and what each one involves.
When Should You Consider Fertility Testing?
Fertility testing is typically recommended when a couple has been trying to conceive without success for a period of time. General guidelines suggest:
- Under 35 years old: after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse
- 35 years or older: after 6 months of trying
- If there are known medical conditions that may affect fertility
- If there are irregular periods, painful periods, or other concerning symptoms
- If either partner has a history of reproductive health issues
Remember: It is important that both partners are evaluated. Fertility is a shared journey, and understanding both sides helps your specialist recommend the best path forward.
Common Fertility Tests for Women
These tests help your specialist understand your ovarian function, reproductive anatomy, and hormonal health.
Blood Hormone Tests
Blood tests check hormones like FSH, LH, AMH, estradiol, prolactin, and thyroid levels. These help assess ovarian reserve, ovulation function, and overall reproductive health.
Timing: Usually done on days 2–3 of the menstrual cycle
Transvaginal Ultrasound
An ultrasound scan of the uterus and ovaries to check for structural issues, ovarian cysts, fibroids, polyps, and the antral follicle count (AFC) which indicates egg reserve.
Timing: Can be done at various cycle stages depending on purpose
HSG (Hysterosalpingography)
An X-ray procedure where a dye is passed through the fallopian tubes to check if they are open or blocked. Tubal health is critical for natural conception and IUI.
Timing: Usually done between days 6–12 of the menstrual cycle
AMH Test (Anti-Müllerian Hormone)
A blood test that helps estimate ovarian reserve — the number of eggs remaining. AMH can be tested at any time during the cycle.
Timing: Can be done on any day of the cycle
Progesterone Test
A blood test done about a week after expected ovulation to confirm whether ovulation has occurred that cycle.
Timing: Usually around day 21 of a 28-day cycle
Common Fertility Tests for Men
Male factor evaluation is an essential part of the fertility assessment process.
Semen Analysis
The most important initial test for male fertility. It measures sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), and volume. Usually the first step in male evaluation.
Timing: After 2–5 days of abstinence; may be repeated for accuracy
Hormone Testing
Blood tests for testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin to assess hormonal balance and sperm production.
Timing: As recommended by the specialist
Scrotal Ultrasound
An ultrasound of the testicles and surrounding structures to check for varicocele, blockages, or other physical factors.
Timing: If semen analysis or physical exam suggests an issue
DNA Fragmentation Test
An advanced test that checks the integrity of sperm DNA. High fragmentation may affect fertilisation and embryo development.
Timing: Usually recommended after recurrent failures or unexplained infertility
Not Sure Which Tests You Need?
A fertility specialist can guide you on the right tests based on your medical history and individual situation. Let us help you take that first step.
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